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Writing Scripts in BeanShell and Java

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Hello World in BeanShell

Here's a BeanShell script that inserts Hello World at the start of an OpenOffice.org Writer document: 

    import com.sun.star.frame.XModel;
    import com.sun.star.text.*;
    import com.sun.star.uno.UnoRuntime;
    import drafts.com.sun.star.script.framework.XScriptContext;

    model = context.getDocument(); 
    textdoc = (XTextDocument)
        UnoRuntime.queryInterface(XTextDocument.class, model);

    oText = textdoc.getText(); 
    oCursor = oText.createTextCursor(); 
    oText.insertString(oCursor, "Hello World", false)
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Trying out your BeanShell script

Trying out your Hello World BeanShell script is easy:
  • Create a file called hello.bsh and put the above code in the file.
  • Start OpenOffice.org and open a new Writer document.
  • Select the Tools/Scripting Add-ons/Edit/Debug Scripts... menu item.
  • In the Edit/Debug Scripts dialog that appears select BeanShell as your language and FileSystem as your location. Click on the Browse... button.
  • In the file selection dialog that pops up, navigate to your hello.bsh file and select it. Now click OK.
  • A BeanShell Debugger window will appear with the contents of your hello.bsh script loaded. Click on the Run button.

  • You should see Hello World appear at the start of the Writer document.

You can modify the code directly in the evaluation window and click eval again to test it. When you are finished making your changes, click Save to save them back to the hello.bsh file. If you are new to the OpenOffice.org API this is a great way to experiment with it.

When you are happy with your BeanShell script, you can create a Script Parcel which can be deployed to OpenOffice.org installations or documents for use by others. This can be done using NetBeans or from the command line.

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Hello World in JavaScript

Here's a JavaScript script that inserts Hello World at the start of an OpenOffice.org Writer document: 

importClass(Packages.com.sun.star.uno.UnoRuntime);
importClass(Packages.com.sun.star.text.XTextDocument);

var oModel = XSCRIPTCONTEXT.getDocument(); 
var oTextdoc = UnoRuntime.queryInterface(XTextDocument, oModel);
var oText = oTextdoc.getText(); 
var oCursor = oText.createTextCursor(); 

oText.insertString(oCursor, "Hello World", false);

The XSCRIPTCONTEXT variable above is a global instance of the XScriptContext type which is available to all JavaScript scripts executed by the Scripting Framework. See Writing Office Scripts and the XScriptContext type for the methods available for the XScriptContext type.

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Trying out a JavaScript script in OpenOffice.org

Once again you can use the Edit/Debug Scripts dialog to open a JavaScript script in an editor. The Rhino JavaScript Editor from the Mozilla Rhino project can be used to debug and test your JavaScript scripts.
  • Create a file called hello.js and put the JavaScript code in the file.
  • Select the Tools/Scripting Add-ons/Edit/Debug Scripts... menu item.
  • In the Edit/Debug Scripts dialog select JavaScript as your language and FileSystem as your location. Click on the Browse... button.
  • In the file selection dialog that pops up, navigate to your hello.js file and select it. Click OK.
  • A Rhino Debugger window will appear with the contents of your hello.js script loaded. To run the script select File/Run and then click on the Go button.

  • You can change the script and save your changes using the File/Save menu item.

The Rhino Debugger also includes debugging functionality, so you can set breakpoints in your JavaScript script and step through the code as it is executed.

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Hello World in Java

Here's the Hello World script in Java: 

    import com.sun.star.frame.XModel;
    import com.sun.star.text.*;
    import com.sun.star.uno.UnoRuntime;
    import drafts.com.sun.star.script.framework.XScriptContext;

    public class MyClass {

        // The script method must be public
        // It can either be static or non-static

        public void showForm(XScriptContext xSc) {

            // getting the text document object
            XModel xmodel = xSc.getDocument();

            XTextDocument xtextdoc = (XTextDocument)
                UnoRuntime.queryInterface(XTextDocument.class, xmodel);
            XText xtext = xtextdoc.getText();
            XTextCursor xtextcursor = xtext.createTextCursor();

            xtext.insertString(xtextcursor, "Hello World", false);
        }
    }

Office scripts in Java need to be compiled in order to execute them. See the Developing Scripts in NetBeans and Developing Scripts on the command line guides for instructions on how to compile and deploy Office scripts in Java.

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Writing Office scripts and the XScriptContext type

The XScriptContext type is used to obtain the the document context, desktop and component factory from an Office script. Any public Java method which accepts XScriptContext as it's first parameter can be executed as an Office script. For BeanShell scripts, an instance of XScriptContext is available in a global variable called "context" which can be used by the script.

The following accessor methods are available on the XScriptContext type:

  • Current document - access the document context against which the script was invoked

    <XScriptContext Instance>.getDocument()
    returns ::com::sun::star::frame::XModel

  • Office Desktop - access the desktop of the running Office

    <XScriptContext Instance>.getDesktop()
    returns ::com::sun::star::frame::XDesktop

  • Component Factory - access a ComponentContext factory to create other UNO components as required

    <XScriptContext Instance>.getComponentContext()
    returns ::com::sun::star::uno::XComponentContext

The Java or BeanShell script must import the XScriptContext interface, using the following import directive: 
    import drafts.com.sun.star.script.framework.XScriptContext;

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Tips on writing Office scripts

  • Performance: Currently scripts are being loaded by the Scripting Framework each time they are run. As such it is important to keep the size of your scripts and any dependent jar files they are using reasonably small. In future releases this script loading will be optimised by changing the point at which the scripts are loaded by OpenOffice.org and using various caching schemes once they are loaded. However, the initial load will always be effected by the script and it's dependent jar/class file sizes.

  • Threading: Scripts are run synchronously by the Scripting Framework. If you wish to perform any background task or provide some user interaction via a dialog for instance, then it is your responsibility to spawn a thread in the running script which can manage this process or interaction and let the script return promptly. Within this running thread you should follow the normal UNO component threading guidelines to ensure that they do not deadlock OpenOffice.org through inappropriate use of the UNO API.

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Parcel Descriptor DTD and sample XML

Each script must contain a parcel-descriptor.xml file which provides all the necessary metadata for the script. The DTD for the parcel-descriptor.xml follows 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- DTD for Parcel Meta data for use in the OpenOffice.org Scripting Framework Project -->
<!ELEMENT logicalname EMPTY>
<!ELEMENT description (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT displayname EMPTY>
<!ELEMENT locale (displayname?, description?)>
<!ELEMENT functionname EMPTY>
<!ELEMENT prop EMPTY>
<!ELEMENT languagedepprops (prop+)>
<!ELEMENT file (prop*)>
<!ELEMENT fileset (file+)>
<!ELEMENT script (locale+, functionname, logicalname, languagedepprops*, fileset*)>
<!ELEMENT parcel (script+)>
<!ATTLIST logicalname
	value CDATA #REQUIRED
>
<!ATTLIST displayname
	value CDATA #REQUIRED
>
<!ATTLIST locale
	lang CDATA #REQUIRED
>
<!ATTLIST functionname
	value CDATA #REQUIRED
>
<!ATTLIST logicalname
	value CDATA #REQUIRED
>
<!ATTLIST prop
	name CDATA #REQUIRED
	value CDATA #REQUIRED
>
<!ATTLIST file
	name CDATA #REQUIRED
>
<!ATTLIST fileset
	name CDATA #IMPLIED
>
<!ATTLIST script
	language CDATA #REQUIRED
>
<!ATTLIST parcel
	language CDATA #REQUIRED
>
The following is an example of a parcel-descriptor.xml file that defines a script, implemented in Java. The languagedepprops element is used to extend the JVM's classpath. 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--Sample Meta Data for use with the Scripting Framework Project in OpenOffice.org -->
<!DOCTYPE parcel SYSTEM "parcel.dtd">
<parcel language="Java">
	<script language="Java">
		<locale lang="english">
			<displayname value="Memory.usage"/>
			<description>
				Displays the memory current memory usage
			</description>
		</locale>
		<functionname value="memoryUtils.memoryUsage"/>
		<logicalname value="MemoryUtils.MemUsage"/>
		<languagedepprops>
			<prop name="classpath" value="/opt/foo.jar:/usr/java/src.jar"/>
		</languagedepprops>
		<fileset>
			<file name="mems.txt">
				<prop name="type" value="resource"/>
			</file>
		</fileset>
	</script>
</parcel>
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Last Modified: Fri Jun 20 15:28:34 BST 2003